Metrogyl 400

Metrogyl 400 is a widely prescribed antibiotic medication used to treat a variety of bacterial and parasitic infections.

Powered by metronidazole, it effectively combats conditions such as bacterial vaginosis, amoebiasis, and certain dental and gastrointestinal infections.

Known for its quick action and reliable results, Metrogyl 400 is a trusted choice for both doctors and patients worldwide.

Whether you're looking to understand its uses, dosage, side effects, or precautions, this comprehensive guide will cover everything you need to know about Metrogyl 400.

Explore how this powerful medication can help you restore your health effectively and safely.

Mode of Action of Metrogyl 400

Metrogyl 400 contains metronidazole as its active ingredient, which belongs to the nitroimidazole class of antibiotics. Its primary mode of action involves targeting anaerobic bacteria and protozoa. Here's how it works:

1. Penetration and Activation: Metronidazole enters the microbial cells and is reduced by intracellular enzymes, particularly in anaerobic environments.

2.Disruption of DNA: The reduction process converts metronidazole into reactive nitro radicals that interact with microbial DNA. This interaction leads to the disruption of the DNA structure, inhibiting nucleic acid synthesis.

3. Cell Death: By preventing DNA replication, the drug effectively halts the growth of microorganisms and leads to their death.

Metrogyl 400 is especially effective against anaerobic bacteria (e.g., Clostridium, Bacteroides species) and protozoa (e.g., Entamoeba histolytica, Giardia lamblia, and Trichomonas vaginalis). Its targeted action ensures precise treatment with minimal impact on healthy tissues.

Uses (Indications) of Metrogyl 400

Metrogyl 400 (metronidazole) is a versatile antibiotic and antiprotozoal medication that is widely used to treat a variety of infections. Below are its detailed indications:

1. Bacterial Infections

Anaerobic Bacterial Infections: Metrogyl 400 is effective against infections caused by anaerobic bacteria, including Bacteroides, Clostridium, and Fusobacterium species. Common conditions include:

Intra-abdominal infections (e.g., peritonitis, abscesses).

Pelvic infections (e.g., pelvic inflammatory disease, endometritis).

Skin and soft tissue infections.

2. Protozoal Infections

Amoebiasis: Used to treat both intestinal and extraintestinal amoebiasis caused by Entamoeba histolytica.

Giardiasis: Effective against Giardia lamblia infection, which causes diarrhea and abdominal discomfort.

Trichomoniasis: Used to treat infections caused by Trichomonas vaginalis, including vaginitis in women and urethritis in men.

3. Gynecological Infections

Bacterial Vaginosis: Treats vaginal infections caused by an imbalance of natural bacterial flora, often involving Gardnerella vaginalis.

Post-Surgical Vaginal Infections: Used to prevent and treat infections following gynecological surgeries.

4. Dental and Oral Infections

Treats dental abscesses, periodontitis, and other oral infections caused by anaerobic bacteria. Often prescribed after dental surgeries to prevent infection.

5. Gastrointestinal Infections

Clostridium difficile-associated Diarrhea: An alternative treatment for mild to moderate cases of infections caused by Clostridium difficile.

Helicobacter pylori Eradication: As part of combination therapy for treating H. pylori-associated peptic ulcers.

6. Surgical Prophylaxis

Used before abdominal or gynecological surgeries to prevent infections caused by anaerobic bacteria.

7. Septicemia

Treats bloodstream infections caused by anaerobic organisms, often in combination with other antibiotics for broad-spectrum coverage.

8. Liver Abscess

Specifically effective against amoebic liver abscess caused by Entamoeba histolytica.

9. Bone and Joint Infections

Occasionally used in combination therapy for anaerobic bacterial infections in bones (osteomyelitis) and joints.

10. Other Indications

Rosacea: Used as part of topical formulations to reduce inflammation and bacterial involvement.

Pseudomembranous Colitis: Infections caused by C. difficile.

Brain Abscess: Treats anaerobic infections in the brain, often in combination with other drugs.

Note: Always use Metrogyl 400 under medical supervision, as dosage

and treatment duration depend on the type and severity of the infection.

Pharmacokinetics of Metrogyl 400 (Metronidazole)

Metrogyl 400, containing metronidazole, exhibits favorable pharmacokinetic properties that contribute to its effectiveness against anaerobic bacteria and protozoa. Below is a detailed overview:

1. Absorption

Route: Administered orally, Metrogyl 400 is rapidly and completely absorbed in the gastrointestinal tract.

Bioavailability: Nearly 100%, ensuring effective plasma concentrations with oral dosing.

Onset of Action: Begins to act within 1-2 hours post-administration.

2. Distribution

Volume of Distribution (Vd): Approximately 0.51–1.1 L/kg.

Protein Binding: Low, about 10-20%, which allows extensive free drug availability in the body.

Tissue Penetration: Metronidazole penetrates well into most tissues and fluids, including:

Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)

Bone

Liver

Saliva

Vaginal secretions

Peritoneal fluid

Placental and Breast Milk Transfer: Crosses the placenta and is excreted in breast milk, requiring caution during pregnancy and lactation.

3. Metabolism

Primary Site: Liver.

Metabolic Pathway: Metronidazole undergoes oxidation and glucuronidation to form inactive metabolites.

Active Metabolites: The hydroxylated metabolite retains partial antimicrobial activity.

Hepatic Enzymes: Metronidazole is metabolized by the cytochrome P450 system, primarily CYP2A6.

4. Excretion

Elimination Half-Life: Approximately 6–8 hours in healthy individuals.

Primary Route:

60-80% excreted via the kidneys (20% as unchanged drug, the rest as metabolites).

6-15% eliminated in feces.

Clearance: Reduced in patients with liver or kidney impairment, necessitating dose adjustments.

5. Pharmacokinetic Variations

In Renal Impairment: Accumulation of metabolites may occur, though the parent drug is not significantly affected.

In Hepatic Impairment: Reduced metabolism may prolong the half-life, requiring dosage adjustments.

6. Drug Interactions

Alcohol: Inhibits aldehyde dehydrogenase, leading to a disulfiram-like reaction (flushing, nausea, and vomiting).

Enzyme Inducers/Inhibitors:

Drugs like phenobarbital can enhance metronidazole metabolism, reducing efficacy.

CYP inhibitors like cimetidine can prolong metronidazole’s half-life.

These pharmacokinetic properties make Metrogyl 400 highly effective against anaerobic infections while maintaining a favorable safety profile. Always consult a he

althcare provider for appropriate dosing and adjustments in special populations.

Dosage of Metrogyl 400 (Metronidazole)

The dosage of Metrogyl 400 depends on the type and severity of the infection, as well as the patient’s age, weight, and medical condition. Below is a detailed guide

1. Adults

Bacterial Infections (Anaerobic)

Dosage: 400-500 mg orally every 8 hours.

Duration: 7-10 days, or as prescribed. Severe infections may require prolonged treatment.

Protozoal Infections

Amoebiasis:

800 mg orally 3 times daily for 5-10 days.

For liver abscess: Continue therapy until clinical improvement.

Giardiasis

400 mg orally 3 times daily for 5 days.

Trichomoniasis:

Single dose of 2 g orally, or 400 mg twice daily for 7 days.

Partner treatment is recommended to prevent reinfection.

Bacterial Vaginosis

400-500 mg orally twice daily for 7 days.

Helicobacter pylori Eradication

400 mg orally 2-3 times daily, as part of combination therapy with a proton pump inhibitor (PPI) and another antibiotic for 7-14 days.

Surgical Prophylaxis

400-500 mg orally every 8 hours, starting 24 hours before surgery and continued postoperatively for 1-2 days.

2. Pediatric Dosage

Amoebiasis

Dosage: 35-50 mg/kg/day in 3 divided doses for 5-10 days.

Giardiasis

Dosage: 15-30 mg/kg/day in 3 divided doses for 5-7 days.

Trichomoniasis

Dosage: 15-30 mg/kg/day in 2-3 divided doses for 7 days.

Anaerobic Infections

Dosage: 7.5 mg/kg every 8 hours. Maximum dose: 400 mg per dose.

3. Special Populations

Renal Impairment

No dosage adjustment is necessary for mild to moderate renal impairment.

For severe renal impairment or patients on dialysis: Monitor closely and adjust dose if necessary.

Hepatic Impairment

Reduce dosage in severe hepatic impairment, as metronidazole metabolism is slowed.

Recommended: 50% of the usual dose in severe liver disease.

Elderly Patients

Start at the lower end of the dosage range, considering potential reduced hepatic or renal function.

Key Points

1. Administration: Take Metrogyl 400 orally with or after food to minimize gastrointestinal upset.

2. Missed Dose: Take the missed dose as soon as remembered, but skip it if the next dose is near. Do not double the dose.

3. Overdose: Symptoms of overdose include nausea, vomiting, dizziness, and seizures. Seek immediate medical attention if an overdose is suspected.

4. Alcohol Avoidance: Avoid alcohol during treatment and for at least 48 hours after the last dose to prevent disulfiram-like reactions (e.g., nausea, flushing).

Note: Always follow your doctor’s prescription, as improper dosing may lead to side effects or reduced effectiveness.

Side Effects of Metrogyl 400

1. Nausea

2. Vomiting

3. Diarrhea

4. Abdominal pain

5. Metallic taste

6. Headache

7. Dizziness

8. Fatigue

9. Dry mouth

10. Dark urine

11. Rash

12. Itching

13. Hives

14. Seizures (rare)

15. Peripheral neuropathy (rare)

16. Confusion (rare)

17. Loss of appetite

18. Stevens-Johnson syndrome (very rare)

19. Liver enzyme elevation

20. Allergic r eactions

Note: Consult a doctor if any of these occur.

Contraindications of Metrogyl 400

Hypersensitivity to metronidazole or other nitroimidazole derivatives.

First trimester of pregnancy (unless absolutely necessary).

Active central nervous system (CNS) disorders (e.g., seizures).

Severe hepatic impairment (without dose adjustment).

Alcohol consumption during treatment and up to 48 hours after the last dose.

Blood dyscrasias (e.g., leukopenia).

History of metronidazole-induced peripheral neuropathy.

Other Brands Available

Here are some brand names with companies (Metronidazole 400mg) in India:

Flagyl by Johnson & Johnson

Metrogyl by J.B. Chemicals & Pharmaceuticals Ltd.

Metronid by Cipla Ltd.

Metrol by Torrent Pharmaceuticals Ltd.

Metron by Alkem Laboratories Ltd.

Noritate by Glenmark Pharmaceuticals Ltd.

Zydus Metronidazole by Zydus Cadila

Metronidazole by Lupin Ltd.

Please note that this is not an exhaustive list, and there may be other brands available in India.

Additionally, it's always best to consult with a healthcare professional or pharmacist for specific medication recommendations.

What is METROGYL 400 tablet used for?

Metrogyl 400 is an antibiotic used to treat various bacterial and parasitic infections, including:

Bacterial vaginosis

Trichomoniasis

Giardiasis

Amebiasis

Infections of the abdomen, skin, and soft tissues

Can METROGYL be used for loose motions?

Metrogyl 400 can be used to treat loose motions (diarrhea) caused by bacterial or parasitic infections, such as giardiasis or amoebiasis. However, it's essential to consult a doctor to determine the underlying cause of loose motions.

Can I take METROGYL 400 twice a day?

The recommended dosage of Metrogyl 400 varies depending on the infection being treated. Typically, it's taken twice a day (every 8-12 hours) or three times a day (every 6-8 hours). Consult your doctor or the medication leaflet for specific dosage instructions.

Is it better to take metronidazole 400mg 2 or 3 times a day?

The dosage frequency depends on the type and severity of the infection. For most infections, taking metronidazole 400mg twice a day is sufficient. However, for more severe infections or those that require higher doses, taking it three times a day may be necessary. Consult your doctor for personalized advice.

Is METROGYL a strong antibiotic?

Metrogyl 400 is an effective antibiotic against certain types of bacteria and parasites. However, its strength and effectiveness depend on the specific infection being treated and the individual's response to the medication.

Is Metrogyl safe for kidneys?

Metrogyl 400 is generally considered safe for people with normal kidney function. However, individuals with pre-existing kidney problems or those taking other medications that affect kidney function should consult their doctor before taking Metrogyl 400.

Which is better metronidazole or azithromycin?

Both metronidazole and azithromycin are effective antibiotics, but they have different spectrums of activity and are used to treat different types of infections. Metronidazole is typically used for anaerobic bacterial infections, while azithromycin is used for a broader range of bacterial infections. The choice between the two depends on the specific infection being treated.

Can I eat bananas with metronidazole?

There are no specific food interactions between bananas and metronidazole. However, it's recommended to avoid consuming alcohol and products containing propylene glycol while taking metronidazole.

Can I eat yogurt with metronidazole?

Yes, you can eat yogurt while taking metronidazole. Yogurt contains probiotics, which can help maintain a healthy gut microbiome during antibiotic treatment.

What fruit can I eat with antibiotics?

Most fruits are safe to consume with antibiotics, including metronidazole. However, it's best to avoid fruits that are high in fiber or contain compounds that may interact with antibiotics. Examples of safe fruits include:

Bananas

Apples

Oranges

Grapes

Does metronidazole make you sleepy?

Metronidazole can cause dizziness, headache, and fatigue in some individuals, which may lead to sleepiness. However, this is not a common side effect, and most people can take metronidazole without experiencing significant drowsiness.

What is Metrogyl 400 used for?

Metrogyl 400 is used to treat various bacterial and parasitic infections, including bacterial vaginosis, trichomoniasis, giardiasis, and amoebiasis.

Can I take metronidazole at night?

Yes, you can take metronidazole at night, but it's essential to follow the recommended dosage schedule and take the medication at the same time each day.

Can I take paracetamol and metronidazole together?

Yes, you can take paracetamol (acetaminophen) and metronidazole together. However, always consult your doctor or pharmacist before taking multiple medications simultaneously.

Can I eat eggs while taking metronidazole?

There are no specific food interactions between eggs and metronidazole. You can eat eggs while taking metronidazole.

Who Cannot take metronidazole?

The following individuals should not take metronidazole or should use it with caution:

Pregnant or breastfeeding women

People with a history of seizures or epilepsy

Individuals with liver or kidney disease

Those taking certain medications, such as blood thinners or lithium

What is the best drug to treat an infection?

The best drug to treat an infection depends on the type of infection, its severity, and the individual's overall health. Consult a doctor to determine the most effective treatment for a specific.

How much time does Metrogyl 400 take to work?

The time it takes for Metrogyl 400 (Metronidazole 400mg) to start working varies depending on the type of infection being treated and individual factors.

Here are some general guidelines:

Bacterial vaginosis: Symptoms may start to improve within 3-5 days of treatment, with complete resolution typically occurring within 7-10 days.

Trichomoniasis: Symptoms may start to improve within 3-5 days of treatment, with complete resolution typically occurring within 7-10 days.

Giardiasis: Symptoms may start to improve within 1-3 days of treatment, with complete resolution typically occurring within 5-7 days.

Amoebiasis: Symptoms may start to improve within 3-5 days of treatment, with complete resolution typically occurring within 7-10 days.

It's essential to complete the full treatment course as prescribed by your doctor, even if symptoms improve before finishing the medication.

This ensures that the infection is fully cleared and reduces the risk of relapse or antibiotic resistance.